An air door or air curtain is a device used for separating two spaces from each other, usually at the exterior entrance. The most common configuration for air curtains is a downward-facing blower fan mounted over an opening. Normally this opening is an entrance to a building, and the air curtain is intended to help keep flying insects out by creating forceful turbulence. It also helps keep outside air out, avoiding cold drafts by mixing-in warm air from the air curtain. The fan must be powerful enough to generate a jet of air that can reach the floor.The most effective air curtain for containing heated or cooled air inside a building with an open door will have a high face velocity at the opening, generated by top-down flow, recovered by a recirculating air plenum and duct return to the source fans. This configuration is available for new construction, but difficult to provide in existing buildings. The air curtain is most effective with low exterior wind velocity. At higher wind velocities, the rate of air mixing increases and the outside air portion of the total face flow increases. Under ideal conditions of zero wind, the effectiveness of the air curtain is at its maximum. 

  An air handler, or air handling unit (often abbreviated to AHU), is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU. Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return) air directly to and from the space served without ductwork.Small air handlers, for local use, are called terminal units, and may only include an air filter, coil, and blower; these simple terminal units are called blower coils or fan coil units. A larger air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and no recirculated air, is known as a makeup air unit (MAU). An air handler designed for outdoor use, typically on roofs, is known as a packaged unit (PU) or rooftop unit (RTU). 

  Air Jet Cleaning Machine is a compact unit made of S.S. structure and facilitated with Unscrambler for smooth transfer of container to the Cleaning Section. Air Jet Cleaning Machine works on the principal of synchronized mechanism of backpressure of container fed by the Unscrambler, to reach to the separator assembly, which transfers the container to the cleaning section. Air Jet Cleaning Machine meets the GMP requirements of clean glass and plastic bottles & Jars for non-sterile products like Dry Syrup, Bulk Packing for Tablets & Capsules and cleans / sterilizes each individual Bottle/Jar by air jet & vacuum. 

  Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the waste products from consumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control.Pollution control devices are Dust collection systems, Baghouses, Cyclones, Electrostatic precipitators, Scrubbers, Baffle spray scrubber, Cyclonic spray scrubber, Ejector venturi scrubber, Mechanically aided scrubber, Spray tower, Wet scrubber, Sewage treatment, Activated sludge biotreaters, API oil-water separators, Biofilters, Dissolved air flotation (DAF), Powdered activated carbon treatment, Sedimentation (water treatment), Vapor recovery systems 

  Aluminium Cap Sealing Machines are for all types of applications, from simple bench top cap tightening applications to complete fully automatic plugging and capping operations. Aluminium Cap Sealing Machines are supplied with Change part gripping jaws to suit each cap size and are rubber lined to give excellent grip and avoid product damage. Aluminium Cap Sealing Machines can be integrated into an existing line or supplied as a self contained unit with in-feed, out-feed systems and conveyors. Electromagnetic Cap Sealing is a non-contact process of sealing ABS, PE (HDPE, LDPE), PET, PP, PS, PVC bottles with aluminium foil. This technology can be used on Plastic and Glass containers viz. Jars, Bottles, Bowls, Mugs and Cups Containing Liquids, Pastes, Granules or Powders for the Pharma, Foods, Drugs, Beverages, Household, Cosmetics, Oils and Chemicals Industry. Induction Cap Sealing ensures product integrity for Purity Retention, Reliable Sealing, Secure Packaging, Hermetic Sealing, Leak Proofing and Easy Peel Off with a better shelf life and Protection from Environment. Barrier properties for product freshness are achieved. Tamper evidence, infestation, contamination and pilfer resistance are also accounted for. 

  Ampoule Filling & Sealing Machine (for Glass) are built on S. S. Square pipe frame and totally encompassed with S. S. Coverings in matt finish. Ampoule Filling & Sealing Machine takes care of wide variation of ampoule neck dimensions, thicknesses and ovality. Ampoule Filling & Sealing machine is specially designed for ampoule drawing, filling and sealing combined equipment for injections. It adopts the rectangular feeding with no easy broken ampoule. In Ampoule Filling & Sealing Machine belts / reciprocating agitators are provided in the feeding station. The filled ampoules in the sealing station are spun by rotating pinions of cylindrical rollers on the endless chain drive in cooperation with inclined discs. Ampoule Filling & Sealing Machine can also be equipped with a 100 stage laminar flow hood and touch screen PLC control system. In Plastic Ampoule Filling & Sealing Machine all the processes from spreading roll, ampoule bottle forming, filling, sealing the end, printing serial numbers, cutting the end, cutting apart, are controlled by programming Controlled by PLC. There are options for normal mechanism and electronic filling controlled by the touch screen HMI, with photo electricity detection and trouble display. In Plastic Ampoule Filling & Sealing Machine the filling heads do not drop, leak, rise in bubbles or spill over. The machine is made of high quality stainless steel, in accordance with the cGMP norms. 

  Our Automatic Ampoule Making Machine is synchronized with cutting glazing & sorting machine that offer good quality cut & glazed ampoules. Our Automatic Ampoule Making Machine is offered with sixteen stations and use compressed air and oxygen as fuel. We also offer P.I.V. Gear Box to change the rotary speed of our Automatic Ampoule Making Machine, according to the size and specifications of the ampoules. 

  Ampoule/ Vial Labelling Machines are very sturdy and Robust Machines built on M. S. Square Bars and totally encompassed with S.S. Coverings as per cGMP norms. Ampoule / Vial Labelling Machines are most suitable and widely used in pharmaceutical Industry for labelling application, along with Food and Beverages, Cosmetics, Personal care products, Electronics, Health Care, Agriculture, Pesticides and FMCG Industries. Ampoule / Vial Labelling Machines are used for full/partial wrap around labelling on different sizes of containers. Ampoule/ Vial Labelling Machines are specially designed for labelling small, difficult to handle, round products such as Vials, ampoules and test tubes. Ampoule/ Vial Labelling Machines are also suitable for independent operation and can also be connected with line operation. In Ampoule Labelling Machine ampoule feeding is done through cassette system for proper input. In Vial Labelling Machine vials are fed into the system horizontally either manually or through a conveyor belt and transported to the labelling station. 

  Automatic On – line Ampoule/Vial inspection machines have electronic optical desk for laboratory or production process control. Automatic Ampoule/Vial inspection machines are equipped with digital intelligent camera and dedicated software, apt to detect foreign particles in the containers / Bottles / Vials and Ampoules. Automatic inspection machines can automatically inspect - Extraneous reflecting and non reflecting particles / Correct level of filling / Ampoules – Vials closing, cosmetic (shapes, black points), cap (vial) and Colour. Automatic Ampoule/Vial inspection machines can also be used as inspecting system equipped with intelligent digital cameras that are able to analyze the images in order to detect the presence of contaminating particles and/or defects in the container. 

  An ampoule (also ampule or ampulla) is a small sealed vial which is used to contain and preserve a sample, usually a solid or liquid. Ampoules are commonly made of glass, although plastic ampoules do exist. Modern ampoules are most commonly used to contain pharmaceuticals and chemicals that must be protected from air and contaminants. They are hermetically sealed by melting the thin top with an open flame, and usually opened by snapping off the neck. If properly done, this last operation creates a clean break without any extra glass shards or slivers; but the liquid or solution may be filtered for greater assurance. The space above the chemical may be filled with an inert gas before sealing. The walls of glass ampoules are usually sufficiently strong to be brought into a glovebox without any difficulty. Glass ampoules are more expensive than bottles and other simple containers, but there are many situations where their superior imperviousness to gases and liquids and all-glass interior surface are worth the extra cost. Examples of chemicals sold in ampoules are injectable pharmaceuticals, air-sensitive reagents like tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), hygroscopic materials like deuterated solvents and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and analytical standards.  

  An infeed mechanism for delivering vials to be labeled to an infeed conveyor of a labeling machine and then to a timing screw of the labeling machine includes a vial separating screw having a vial exit end, a vial infeed belt for supporting and moving vials along a relatively wide path toward the vial separating screw and placing the vials in engagement with the vial separating screw. A pair of spaced vial guides define a relatively narrow vial path therebetween and aligned with the vial exit end of the vial separating screw which is rotated to deliver vials single file into the relatively narrow path between the vial guides and then onto the infeed conveyor of the labeling machine and on into engagement with the labeling machine timing screw. 

  An analytical balance is used to measure mass to a very high degree of precision and accuracy. The measuring pan(s) of a high precision (0.1 mg or better) analytical balance are inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation. The use of a vented balance safety enclosure, which has uniquely designed acrylic airfoils, allows a smooth turbulence-free airflow that prevents balance fluctuation and the measure of mass down to 1 μg without fluctuations or loss of product. Also, the sample must be at room temperature to prevent natural convection from forming air currents inside the enclosure, affecting the measure of mass. 

  A scientific instrument can be any type of equipment, machine, apparatus or device as is specifically designed, constructed and often, through trial and error, ingeniously refined to apply utmost efficiency in the utilization of some well proven physical principle, relationship or technology to facilitate or enable the pursuit, acquisition, transduction and storage of repeatable, verifiable data, usually consisting of sets numerical measurements made upon otherwise unknown, unproven quantities, properties, phenomena, materials, forces or etc., preferably as those characterized over time by an increasing degree of accuracy and precision and, typically, those initially derived as isolated or dependent variable results from, or empirical observations made during, the course of such experimental procedures as are firmly based upon the scientific method and long accepted tenants of experimental design.Scientific instruments are part of laboratory equipment, but are considered more sophisticated and more specialized than other measuring instruments as scales, meter sticks, chronometers, thermometers or even power or waveform generators. 

  Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation (using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods) of the genetic value (estimated breeding value, EBV) of domestic livestock. Selecting animals for breeding with superior EBV in growth rate, egg, meat, milk, or wool production, or have other desirable traits has revolutionized agricultural livestock production throughout the world. The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates population genetics, quantitative genetics and statistics, and is based on the pioneering work of Sewall Wright, Jay Lush, and Charles Henderson 

  Auto coater machine is widely applicable for the purpose of coating pallets, granules and tablets. Auto coaters are manufactured with the highest standard of GMP regulation using S.S.316, having user-friendly software and operated through PLC to maintain uniformity of coating and Elimination of manual reference and coater’s expertization. The main application is Film coating with organic solvent / Film coating with aqueous coating and Sugar coating. Auto coater machine is In – built with Auto spray stop in case of disturbance in pan drive to protect tablets or granules from any damage due to system failure. The Pan cabinet is absolutely air tight and ensures no pollution in production environment. Auto coater machine has excellent mixing and tumbling operation by special design of baffles to prevent chipping of tablets. 

  Autoclave’s are for all laboratory applications and even for sophisticated state-of-the-art sterilization processes. R&D Autoclave’s are designed for treating sensitive liquid loads. The autoclaves ensure that the correct sterilization temperature is attained when sterilization starts and that sterilization is initiated only when a temperature probe placed inside the medium reaches the preset threshold temperature. Higher Production Level Autoclave’s advanced options minimize the exposure time of liquids to high temperatures thereby preventing over cooking without compromising on sterilization results. Autoclave’s advanced features include complete drying of porous loads and hollow instruments, and guarantees that even the most difficult loads reach sterility assurance levels. Autoclave’s have Stainless Steel Constructed Frame (as per GMP norms), with Product Contact Parts in SS 316. 

  Automatic Capsule Loaders are easily movable / simple to operate and gives higher production at a lower cost, and with much better standards of Accuracy. In Automatic Capsule Loaders the capsules automatically get nested in the tray, cap up and body down. Time taken for loading 300 capsules in 300-hole tray is 28 seconds in vertical loaders and 14 seconds in horizontal loaders. Automatic Capsule Loaders are designed to fill all standard size capsules. Automatic Capsule Loaders have Interchangeable parts that can be supplied for all sizes viz: 00,0,1,2,3,4,5. Automatic Capsule Loaders are as per GMP & cGMP models with SS 304 / SS 316 Construction. 

  Bar Coding Machine are designed to print on Wax, Tamper Proof Label, Wax Resin, Resin, Bar Code Cable, Polyester Cable, Scanners, Printers and Polyester. Bar Coding is an optical machine-readable representation of data, which shows certain data on certain products. Barcodes come in patterns of squares, dots, hexagons and other geometrical patterns within images termed 2D (2 dimensional) matrix codes or symbologies. Barcodes can be only read by optical scanners called barcode readers (Machines), or scanned from an image by special software. Bar Coding Machine greatly helps in keeping track of a large number of items in a store and also reduces instances of malpractices involving price tag swapping. 

  A biocide is a chemical substance capable of killing living organisms, usually in a selective way. Biocides are commonly used in medicine, agriculture, forestry, and in industry where they prevent the fouling of water and oil pipelines. Some substances used as biocides are also employed as anti-fouling agents or disinfectants under other circumstances: chlorine, for example, is used as a short-life biocide in industrial water treatment but as a disinfectant in swimming pools. Many biocides are synthetic, but a class of natural biocides, derived from e.g. bacteria and plants, includes brassica oleracea, brassica oleracea gemmifera, and clostridium botulinum bacteria. 

  biotechnology is "Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use." Examples of biotechnological fields include genetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and bioengineering. Biotechnology is a subset of the biological sciences. Consequently, the instruments used in biotechnology include some of the most basic biological science instruments to some of the most complex. 

  The two primary components of a blister pack are the cavity or pocket made from a formable web, either plastic or aluminium - and the lidding, made from paper, carton, plastic or aluminium. The formed cavity or pocket contains the product and the "lidding" seals the product in the package. Shrink wrap, also shrink wrap or shrink film, is a material made up of polymer plastic film. When heat is applied to this material it shrinks tightly over whatever it is covering. Heat can be applied with a hand held heat gun (electric or gas) or the product and film can pass through a heat tunnel on a conveyor. Shrink wrap is commonly used as an over wrap on many types of packaging, including cartons, boxes, beverage cans and pallet loads. A variety of products may be enclosed in shrink wrap to stabilize the products, unitize them, keep them clean, add a degree of tamper resistance, etc. It can be the primary covering for some foods such as cheese and meats. It is also used to cover boats after manufacture and for winter storage. Heat-shrink tubing is used to seal electric wiring. Shrink bands are applied over parts of packages for tamper resistance or labels. It can also combine two packages or parts. Blister pack is a term for several types of pre-formed plastic packaging used for small consumer goods. 

  Blister Packing Machines are Suitable for blister packing of tablets, capsules and also meets the requirements of packing Injectables like ampoules and vials. Blister Packing Machines are adaptable for PVC blister forming, special automatic feeding, PTP aluminium foil plate sealing, perforation, embossing and blister cutting. Blister Packing Machines are also used in non food industries such as electronics & electricity, office and publishing stationery, spare parts, hardware, household, drugstore, personal care & toys etc. Blister Packing Machines have Automatic feeding/collating and folding of product options and can be supplied with a vacuum flushing chamber for sealing blisters under a vacuum or inert gas. 

  A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water. Although the definitions are somewhat flexible, it can be said that older steam generators were commonly termed boilers and worked at low to medium pressure, but at pressures above this it is more usual to speak of a steam generator. A boiler or steam generator is used wherever a source of steam is required. The form and size depends on the application: mobile steam engines such as steam locomotives, portable engines and steam-powered road vehicles typically use a smaller boiler that forms an integral part of the vehicle; stationary steam engines, industrial installations and power stations will usually have a larger separate steam generating facility connected to the point-of-use by piping. A notable exception is the steam-powered fireless locomotive, where separately-generated steam is transferred to a receiver (tank) on the locomotive. 

  It is a very heavy duty machine fitted on a cast iron stand. The machine is cladded with stainless steel and is provided with SS hopper.Pressure can be adjusted easily.This is an ideal machine for bolus tablets.  

  Adhesive tape can be one of many varieties of backing materials coated with an adhesive.Pressure sensitive tape, PSA tape, Self stick tape, Sticky tape,consists of a pressure sensitive adhesive coated onto a backing material such as paper, plastic film, cloth, or metal foil. It is sticky (tacky) without any heat or solvent for activation and adheres with light pressure. These tapes usually require a release agent on their backing or a release liner to cover the adhesive. Sometimes, the term adhesive tape is used for these tapes. 

  Volumetric Filling Machines are designed for filling production lines of low, medium and (heavy viscosity products) high velocity ranges – Automatic / Semi – Automatic and Manual. Volumetric fillers are also most ideal for filling light liquid products at higher speeds. Volumetric Filling Machines are also capable of filling products ranging from water to heavy oils and creams. Volumetric Filling Machines are typical rotary machines for bottling of liquid food products with the production velocity range up to 20,000 units per hour. Volumetric Filling Machines can work with different types of bottles, such as glass or PET, using different types of caps ("snap-on" plastic, threaded aluminum, twist-off crown type, etc.). With Volumetric Filling Machines it is possible to fill different liquid products such as mineral water, carbonated soft drinks, beer. Volumetric Filling Machines can be also used to bottle vegetable oil using volumetric method. Volumetric Filling Machines include the modules such as rinsing, filling and capping and are put together using one common main drive. Volumetric Filling Machines are made up of pure steel and thus offers high resistance to rust and moisture. 

  A bottle is a rigid container with a neck that is narrower than the body and a mouth. By contrast, a jar has a relatively large mouth or opening. Bottles are often made of glass, clay, plastic, aluminum or other impervious materials, and typically used to store liquids such as water, milk, soft drinks, beer, wine, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, ink and chemicals. A device applied in the bottling line to seal the mouth of a bottle is termed an external bottle cap, closure, or internal stopper. A bottle can also be sealed by a conductive inner seal by using induction sealing.The bottle has developed over millennia of use, with some of the earliest examples appearing in China, Phoenicia, Rome and Crete. The Chinese used bottles to store liquids. Bottles are often recycled according to the SPI recycling code for the material. Some regions have a legally mandated deposit which is refunded after returning the bottle to the retailer. 

  Box Strapping / Box Sealing Machines have smart and compact exteriors and corrosion resistant parts for enhanced durability. The strapping machines are suitable for multiple packaging actions and can work in semi-automatic or fully automatic manner. These machines deliver fast, easy, stable and smooth strapping operation. Box Strapping / Box Sealing Machines are energy efficient and are available in different configurations to meet specific strapping needs with consistently high speed delivery and reliable performance. 

  Instrument calibration is one of the primary processes used to maintain instrument accuracy. Calibration is the process of configuring an instrument to provide a result for a sample within an acceptable range. Eliminating or minimizing factors that cause inaccurate measurements is a fundamental aspect of instrumentation design.Although the exact procedure may vary from product to product, the calibration process generally involves using the instrument to test samples of one or more known values called “calibrators.â€� The results are used to establish a relationship between the measurement technique used by the instrument and the known values. The process in essence “teachesâ€� the instrument to produce results that are more accurate than those that would occur otherwise. The instrument can then provide more accurate results when samples of unknown values are tested in the normal usage of the product. 

  A closure cap for a container is provided having a container aperture by means of which a container aperture of a container can be released so that medium can be discharged from the container, and be closed so that a discharge of medium is substantially prevented, a container for receiving a medium provided with a container aperture and a closure cap by means of which said container aperture can be closed and opened for discharging medium through said aperture, and a method of manufacturing an integral closure cap.